Yes and no. 

Brussels sprouts do in fact get their name from the capital of Belgium, where they've been a popular crop for more than 400 years and were cultivated on a large scale for the first time. Brussels sprouts are considered a Wild Cabbage (like broccoli and cauliflower), and most of these can be traced back to central Asia.

Brussels sprouts in Europe, most of which come from Germany, tend to be much smaller than their American cousins. If you live in the U.S., it's most likely that the little cabbages you'll be eating tonight were grown in California.